Summary about Disease
A black eye, also known as a periorbital hematoma, is bruising around the eye. It's typically caused by trauma to the face, resulting in blood and fluid collecting in the tissues around the eye. While often unsightly, a black eye is usually not a serious condition. However, it's essential to rule out more severe underlying injuries, especially if vision is affected or other symptoms are present.
Symptoms
Pain around the eye
Swelling
Discoloration around the eye (initially reddish, then purplish-blue, then greenish-yellow as it heals)
Difficulty opening the eye due to swelling
Possible blurred vision (should be evaluated by a doctor)
Headache
Causes
Blow to the face or head (e.g., from a fall, sports injury, or fight)
Facial surgery (e.g., rhinoplasty, dental work)
Sinus infection (rare)
Allergic reactions
Dental infections or procedures
Medicine Used
Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help manage pain. Note: Consult your doctor if you are unsure if these medications are right for you*
Topical creams or gels containing arnica may help reduce bruising and swelling. Important: Do not take aspirin, as it can thin the blood and worsen bruising.
Is Communicable
No, a black eye is not communicable. It is caused by trauma or other non-infectious factors and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Apply a cold compress to the area for 15-20 minutes at a time, several times a day, for the first 24-48 hours to reduce swelling.
After 48 hours, switch to warm compresses to help reabsorb the blood.
Rest and avoid strenuous activity.
Protect the injured area from further trauma.
See a doctor if you experience any vision changes, double vision, severe pain, inability to move the eye, blood in the eye, loss of consciousness, or persistent vomiting.
How long does an outbreak last?
A black eye typically lasts 1-3 weeks. The discoloration will change over time as the blood is reabsorbed. The swelling usually subsides within a few days to a week.
How is it diagnosed?
A black eye is usually diagnosed based on a physical examination and a review of the patient's history. The doctor will check for any signs of more serious injuries, such as a fracture or damage to the eye itself. If necessary, imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans may be ordered. A thorough neurological exam may be warranted depending on the mechanism of injury to rule out concussion.
Timeline of Symptoms
Day 1: Pain, swelling, and reddish discoloration.
Days 2-3: Bruising becomes more prominent, turning purplish-blue. Swelling may peak.
Days 4-7: Bruising starts to fade, turning greenish-yellow. Swelling begins to subside.
Days 7-14: Bruising continues to lighten, turning yellowish-brown.
Days 14-21: Bruising resolves completely.
Important Considerations
Underlying Injuries: Always rule out more serious injuries, especially if there are vision changes, severe pain, or other concerning symptoms.
Vision: Any changes in vision warrant immediate medical attention.
Increased Pressure: Persistent throbbing pain may be a sign of increased pressure in the eye socket (orbital compartment syndrome) which is a medical emergency.
Children: Black eyes in children should always be evaluated by a doctor to rule out child abuse or other underlying medical conditions.
Anticoagulants: If you are taking blood thinners, the bruising may be more severe and last longer.
Recurrent Black Eyes: Frequent unexplained black eyes should be investigated to rule out underlying medical conditions.